Barite is the most common mineral of barium, and its composition is barium sulfate. Produced in low-temperature hydrothermal mineral veins, such as quartz-barite veins, fluorite-barite veins, etc., often symbiosis with galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, cinnabar, etc. Most of the barite deposits produced in Hunan, Guangxi, Qinghai, and Jiangxi are huge hydrothermal single mineral veins. Barite can also be produced in sedimentary rocks, appearing as nodules, mostly in sedimentary manganese deposits and argillaceous and sandy sedimentary rocks in shallow seas. In the residual clay covering layer of the weathered residual deposits, it often forms agglomerates and blocks. Chemical composition: BaO: 65.7%, SO3: 34.3%. There are similar substitutions of Sr, Pb and Ca in the composition.

 

The crystals of barite are large and tubular, and the crystals can sometimes form rose-shaped or bifurcated crystal blocks when gathered together, which is called crested barite. Pure barite is colorless and transparent, generally white, light yellow, with glass luster. In addition, barite can be used as a white pigment (we call it Lithopone), and it can also be used as a filler in chemicals, papermaking, and textiles. In glass production, it can act as a flux and increase the brightness of the glass. But it is mainly used as a weighting agent in the drilling industry and for barium extraction.

 

 

 

When drilling in some oil and gas wells, the general use of drilling mud and clay has a specific gravity of about 2.5 and water has a specific gravity of 1. Therefore, the specific gravity of the mud is low. Sometimes the mud weight cannot be balanced with the underground oil and gas pressure, causing blowout accidents. In the case of high underground pressure, it is necessary to increase the specific gravity of the mud. Adding barite powder to the mud is an effective measure to increase the specific gravity of the mud. Generally, the fineness of barite used for drilling mud should reach 325 mesh or more. If the fineness of barite is not enough, precipitation is easy to occur. Barite for drilling mud requires a specific gravity greater than 4.2, BaSO4 content not less than 95%, and soluble salt less than 1%.

 

Lithopone is a commonly used high-quality white pigment that can be used as a raw material for paints and painting pigments. Barium sulfate is heated and reduced to barium sulfide (BaS) by using a reducing agent, and then reacted with zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) to obtain a mixture of barium sulfate and zinc sulfide (BaSO4 accounts for 70%, ZnS accounts for 30%) is zinc barium White paint. The barite for making lithopone requires a BaSO4 content of more than 95%, and should not contain visible colored impurities.

 

Barium oxide, barium carbonate, barium chloride, barium nitrate, precipitated barium sulfate, barium hydroxide and other chemical materials can be produced by using barite as raw material.

Chemically pure barium sulfate is the standard for measuring whiteness; barium carbonate is an important raw material for optical glass. It introduces BaO into the glass to increase the refractive index of the glass and improve other optical properties; it is used to prepare glazes in ceramics ; Barium chloride is an agricultural pesticide; barium nitrate is used in fireworks and glass industry; barium permanganate is a green pigment.

 

In the paint industry, barite powder filler can increase the thickness, strength and durability of the paint film. Lithopone pigment is also used in the manufacture of white paint, which has more advantages than lead white and magnesium white when used indoors. The barite used in the paint industry requires sufficient fineness and high whiteness.

The paper industry, rubber and plastic industries also use barite as fillers, which can improve the hardness, wear resistance and aging resistance of rubber and plastics.

Barite fillers for rubber and papermaking generally require BaSO4 greater than 98%, CaO less than 0.36%, and no magnesium oxide, lead, etc. are allowed.

 

The use of barite and fluorite composite mineralizers in cement production has a significant effect on promoting the formation of C3S and activating C3S. The quality of clinker has been improved. The early strength of cement can be increased by about 20-25%, and the later strength is about Increased by 10%, the sintering temperature of clinker is reduced from 1450℃ to 1300±50℃. The best effect is when the content of barite is 0.8~1.5%. In the production of white cement, after using the compound mineralizer of barite and fluorite, the firing temperature is reduced from 1500°C to 1400°C, the free CaO content is low, and the strength and whiteness are improved. Adding an appropriate amount of barite to the cement raw meal using coal gangue as raw material can greatly increase the strength of cement with a low clinker saturation ratio, especially the early strength, which is the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue for production Low-calcium, energy-saving, early-strength and high-strength cement provides a beneficial way.

 

Barite has the ability to absorb X-rays, and barite is used to make barium cement, barite mortar and barite concrete, which can replace metal lead plates to shield nuclear reactors and build scientific research and hospital X-ray-proof buildings.

Barium cement is made of barite and clay as the main raw materials, sintered to obtain clinker with dibarium silicate as the main mineral composition, plus appropriate amount of gypsum, and ground together. The specific gravity is higher than that of ordinary Portland cement, which can reach 4.7-5.2. The intensity number is 325～425. Because barium cement has a high specific gravity, it can be mixed with heavy aggregates (such as barite) to make uniform and dense anti-X-ray concrete.

Barite mortar is a kind of mortar with a large bulk density and a blocking effect on X-rays. Generally, Portland cement with low heat of hydration is required. Common cement: barite powder: barite sand: coarse sand The ratio is 1:0.25:2.5:1. Barite concrete is a kind of concrete with a large bulk density and shielding ability to X-rays. The cementitious material generally uses special cements such as Portland cement with low heat of hydration or high alumina cement, barium cement, strontium cement and so on. Portland cement is the most widely used. Commonly used cement: barite crushed stone barite sand: water mixture ratio is 1:4.54:3.4:0.5; 1:5.44:4.46:0.6; 1:5:3.8:0.2.

For barite used in anti-ray mortar and concrete, the content of BaSO4 should not be less than 80%, and the impurities such as gypsum, pyrite, sulfide and sulfate should not exceed 7%.

 

A mixture of rubber and asphalt containing about 10% barite has been successfully used in parking lots and is a durable paving material. The tires of heavy road construction equipment have been partially filled with barite to increase the weight and facilitate the compaction of the fill area.

 

Barite and oil are blended and coated on cloth to make tarpaulin; barite powder is used to refine kerosene; it is used as a contrast agent for the digestive tract in the pharmaceutical industry; it can also be used to make pesticides, tanning, and fireworks. In addition, barite is also used to extract metal barium, as a getter and binder for televisions and other vacuum tubes. Barium is alloyed with other metals (aluminum, magnesium, lead, calcium) and used in bearing manufacturing.

 

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